Low-light interior photography takes a little effort at the best of times, and this is with a tripod. Cave shots captured during one of the tours offered at Jewel Cave National Monument or Wind Cave National Park, both in South Dakota, or Lehman Caves at Great Basin National Park in Nevada, Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico, or any of the other cave-centric units of the National Park System are trickier, because tripods, bipods, and monopods are prohibited.

How do you achieve great cave shots during a cave tour?

After having used a smartphone, point-and-shoot, and SLR camera each, for different cave tours at Jewel Cave National Monument and Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota, and Lehman Caves at Great Basin National Park in Nevada, I can unequivocally say you really should use an SLR or point-and-shoot (P&S) camera for the best chances at quality cave photos. That said, I know many, if not most of you, will be using your smartphones for images of speleothems (cave formations), passageways, and large cavern rooms.

So, here are a few tips for you to try during your cave tour.

Let’s talk about SLRs first. While the FAQs for these cave-centric park units advise against using a large lens on your SLR during tours, they do not prohibit it. You can also use a small-sized lens like a 40mm lens, which not only allows you to capture wide-angle-type images of cavern rooms, but also allows you to get relatively close to interesting cave formations without worrying the lens will touch them (which is a huge no-no, btw, and one of the reasons park staff prefer you not use a large lens).

Since you will be handholding your SLR, you need to use a shutter speed slow enough to allow as much of the artificial light in the cave as possible to hit your camera’s sensor, yet still be fast enough to prevent camera blur. I usually apply a shutter speed of 1/25 or 1/30. I can get away with 1/40 if I set my camera’s ISO high enough.

Speaking of ISOs, try bumping it up from between 640 to 2000. The higher the ISO, the better, although this means a much greater chance of “noise” (grain) on your resulting image. Thankfully, there are standalone and plug-in (they “attach” to your photo editing software) noise reduction applications such as Imagenomic, Noise Ninja, and Topaz DeNoise AI, that will reduce or eliminate that grainy appearance.

Use the widest f-stop your lens allows. Some lenses have f-stops as large as f-1.2, while others’ lowest f-stop is 4. F-stop is the measurement of your camera lens aperture, which is the opening between lens and camera. The smaller the f-stop number, the wider the opening, thus the more light allowed onto your camera’s sensor.

Use the “burst method,” aka “spray and pray.” Burst method requires you to simply hold down on that shutter button for several clicks. One of those multiple shots will usually result in a clear, sharp image. Of course, that takes up memory card space, so make certain you have multiple cards with you. While you are at it, make sure you either have a fully-charged battery in your camera, or are carrying extra camera batteries for quick switching out of the used battery.

Try out your flash, if allowed (and most cave tours allow a flash, even though it might annoy the other tour attendees). A small flash is recommended for your SLR simply because a large flash is too powerful, would be too bright, and would probably blow out (overexpose) your subject or your entire shot, not to mention blind your fellow tour members. I tend to use a flash sparingly or not at all because I don’t like annoying the crowd.

P&S camera users have it a little easier, because your camera type will be much smaller, with a built-in flash and wide-angle-to-telephoto options for your built-in lens. Some P&S cameras have settings to allow a choice of ISO/shutter speed/f-stop. If not, try your night setting, or just take a regular photo with the flash turned on. You can also use the burst method with your P&S, but the pause between shutter clicks will be a bit slower than with an SLR.

Smartphone users (which are most of you on a cave tour), can try your Night Mode setting, but be aware you need to stand still for maybe a second or more while holding your phone when utilizing that option. Since humans are not tripods and tend to move even slightly, this might create some camera blur, but maybe not much.

You can also use your built-in flash, or simply capture a cave image as you would any other photo without a flash. Smartphone camera sensors are quite good at judging the lighting circumstances in which you may find yourself, and you can get decent cave images, although not with the fine detail and quality of an SLR camera or even a P&S camera, IMO. No, I’m not denigrating smartphone cameras in the least – I use my Apple iPhone’s camera quite often. I am being realistic about your chances of a really great photo, however. Ok, I could also just be picky, since I favor my SLR over the other cameras I use.

During my tours of Jewel Cave and Wind Cave, I thought it would be brilliant to simply use my smartphone and nothing else – it certainly would be easier to tote along. Upon reviewing the results, I have decided should I ever re-tour Jewel Cave and Wind Cave, it will be with my SLR.

No matter what camera you use, you’ll need to get your shot quickly. It has been my experience cave tour leaders tend to walk quickly, no matter how many times you ask them to slow down. These guides know the passageways so well, they don’t need to wend their way as slowly as the rest of us might, and they've seen these same speleothems far more often than the rest of us. They also must keep track of tour time to ensure the return trip to the top coincides with the next scheduled cave tour.

No matter what camera you use, you’ll need to get your shot quickly. It’s been my experience cave tour leaders tend to walk briskly, no matter how many times you ask them to slow down. These guides know the passageways so well, they don’t need to wend their way as slowly as the rest of us might. They also must keep track of tour time to ensure the return trip to the top coincides with the next scheduled cave tour.

When on a cave tour, try experimenting with these tips and techniques. Yes, I just said tour guides tend to shepherd their attendees along at a quick pace, but my motto has always been “nothing ventured, nothing gained,” and among those experimental shots might just be the perfect tripod-less cave shot.